Scoliosis

Scoliosis can be classified based on its cause and age of onset:

• Idiopathic Scoliosis – The most common type, with no clear cause, typically diagnosed in children and adolescents. 

• Congenital Scoliosis – Present at birth due to abnormal spinal development in the womb. 

• Neuromuscular Scoliosis – Develops due to conditions like cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy. 

• Degenerative Scoliosis – Occurs in adults due to spinal wear and tear, arthritis, or disc degeneration.

The exact cause of scoliosis is often unknown, but contributing factors include: 

• Genetics – A family history of scoliosis increases the risk. 

• Neuromuscular Conditions – Disorders that affect muscle and nerve function can lead to scoliosis. 

• Spinal Trauma or Injury – Damage to the spine can alter its alignment. 

• Osteoporosis & Degenerative Changes – Weakened bones in older adults can lead to spinal curvature.

Scoliosis symptoms depend on the severity of the curvature. Doctors use X-rays, MRIs, and physical exams to assess spinal curvature and determine the severity of scoliosis.

• Uneven shoulders or hips – One side may appear higher than the other. 

• Visible spinal curvature – Noticeable bending or twisting of the spine. 

• Back pain or stiffness – More common in adults with degenerative scoliosis. 

• Breathing difficulties – Severe cases can reduce lung capacity. 

• Limited range of motion – Spinal flexibility may be affected.

Treatment depends on the severity and progression of the curvature.

• Bracing – Often recommended for children to prevent worsening of spinal curvature. 

• Physical Therapy – Helps improve posture and spinal stability. 

• Pain Management – Medications and injections to relieve discomfort. 

• Surgical Correction – Spinal fusion or minimally invasive procedures for severe cases.