Rheumatoid

Rheumatoid arthritis affects individuals differently and can be classified into several types:

• Seropositive RA – The most common form, where rheumatoid factor (RF) or anti-CCP antibodies are present in the blood, leading to a more aggressive disease course. 

• Seronegative RA – Lacks rheumatoid factor or anti-CCP antibodies but still causes inflammation and joint damage. 

• Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA) – Affects children under 16, causing joint pain and swelling. 

• Palindromic Rheumatism – An episodic form of RA with flare-ups that come and go without permanent joint damage.

RA develops when the immune system attacks healthy joint tissue, but the exact cause remains unclear. Factors that may contribute include:

• Genetics – Family history can increase the likelihood of developing RA. 

• Immune System Dysfunction – The immune system mistakenly attacks joint linings. 

• Environmental Triggers – Smoking, pollution, and certain infections may trigger RA in genetically predisposed individuals. 

• Hormonal Factors – RA is more common in women, suggesting hormonal influence. 

• Obesity & Lifestyle – Increased body weight may contribute to inflammation.

RA symptoms can vary in severity and often develop gradually. Doctors use blood tests (RF, anti-CCP, ESR, CRP), X-rays, and MRI scans to confirm RA and assess joint damage. Common signs include:

• Joint pain & tenderness – Especially in the hands, wrists, and knees. 

• Morning stiffness – Lasts longer than 30 minutes. 

• Swelling & warmth – Due to joint inflammation. 

• Fatigue & fever – General malaise and low-grade fever. 

• Symmetrical Joint Involvement – RA typically affects both sides of the body equally.

RA treatment focuses on reducing inflammation, managing pain, and preventing joint damage. Treatment options may include:

• Medications – Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and biologic therapies slow disease progression. 

• Anti-inflammatory Treatment – NSAIDs and corticosteroids help reduce pain and swelling. 

• Physical Therapy – Strengthening exercises to maintain joint mobility. 

• Lifestyle Modifications – Balanced diet, regular exercise, and stress management. 

• Surgical Interventions – Joint replacement or synovectomy for severe cases.