Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis affects different joints, leading to varying symptoms and mobility limitations:

• Knee Osteoarthritis – Causes knee pain, stiffness, and swelling, affecting walking and bending. 

• Hip Osteoarthritis – Leads to hip pain, reduced range of motion, and difficulty standing or walking. 

• Hand & Finger Osteoarthritis – Results in stiffness, swelling, and loss of grip strength. 

• Spinal Osteoarthritis (Spondylosis) – Affects the spine, leading to back pain and nerve compression. 

• Shoulder Osteoarthritis – Causes pain and limited movement in the shoulder joint.

Osteoarthritis develops when joint cartilage deteriorates over time, leading to increased friction between bones. Contributing factors include:

• Aging & Cartilage Breakdown – Cartilage naturally wears down with age. 

• Repetitive Joint Stress – Sports, work, or daily activities that strain the joints. 

• Injury or Trauma – Previous fractures, ligament tears, or dislocations. 

• Obesity – Excess weight puts additional pressure on joints, especially the knees and hips. 

• Genetics – A family history of osteoarthritis increases risk.

Osteoarthritis symptoms develop gradually and worsen over time. Doctors use X-rays, MRIs, and physical exams to evaluate joint damage and determine the severity of osteoarthritis. Common signs include:

• Joint pain & tenderness – Discomfort, especially with movement. 

• Morning stiffness – Typically lasts less than 30 minutes. 

• Swelling & inflammation – Joints may become swollen due to cartilage loss. 

• Reduced flexibility & range of motion – Difficulty bending or straightening joints. 

• Grinding or clicking sensation – Bone-on-bone friction as cartilage wears down.

Osteoarthritis treatment focuses on pain relief, maintaining mobility, and slowing cartilage deterioration. Treatment options may include:

• Medications – NSAIDs, acetaminophen, and joint-support supplements. 

• Physical Therapy – Strengthening exercises to improve joint function. 

• Weight Management – Reducing stress on weight-bearing joints. 

• Joint Injections – Corticosteroid or hyaluronic acid injections for pain relief. 

• Surgical Interventions – Joint replacement surgery for severe cases.